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1.
Clinics ; 76: e2701, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1286067

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Pancreatic pseudocysts (PPC) are fluid collections with a well-defined wall that persist for more than 4 weeks inside or around the pancreas as a result of pancreatic inflammation and/or a ductal lesion. PPC have been successfully treated with endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided drainage using different stents. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of EUS-guided drainage of PPC using double-pigtail plastic stents in a tertiary hospital. METHODS: Patients with PPC referred for EUS-guided drainage between May 2015 and December 2019 were included in this case series. The primary endpoint was to evaluate the efficacy (clinical success) and safety (adverse events and mortality) of EUS-guided drainage of PPC. Secondary endpoints included technical success and pseudocyst recurrence. RESULTS: Eleven patients (mean age, 44.5±18.98 years) were included in this study. The etiologies for PPC were acute biliary pancreatitis, chronic alcoholic pancreatitis, and blunt abdominal trauma. The mean pseudocyst size was 9.4±2.69 cm. The clinical success rate was 91% (10/11). Adverse events occurred in three of 11 patients (27%). There were no cases of mortality. The technical success rate was 100%. Pseudocyst recurrence was identified in one of 11 patients (9%) at 12 weeks after successful clinical drainage and complete pseudocyst resolution. CONCLUSION: EUS-guided transmural drainage of PPC using double-pigtail plastic stents is safe and effective with high technical and clinical success rates.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Pancreatic Pseudocyst/surgery , Pancreatic Pseudocyst/diagnostic imaging , Plastics , Stents , Drainage , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Ultrasonography, Interventional , Endosonography , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
2.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 52(4): 283-292, Oct.-Dec. 2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-771929

ABSTRACT

Background - Upper gastrointestinal bleeding implies significant clinical and economic repercussions. The correct establishment of the latest therapies for the upper gastrointestinal bleeding is associated with reduced in-hospital mortality. The use of clinical pathways for the upper gastrointestinal bleeding is associated with shorter hospital stay and lower hospital costs. Objective - The primary objective is the development of a clinical care pathway for the management of patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding, to be used in tertiary hospital. Methods - It was conducted an extensive literature review on the management of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, contained in the primary and secondary information sources. Results - The result is a clinical care pathway for the upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with evidence of recent bleeding, diagnosed by melena or hematemesis in the last 12 hours, who are admitted in the emergency rooms and intensive care units of tertiary hospitals. In this compact and understandable pathway, it is well demonstrated the management since the admission, with definition of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, passing through the initial clinical treatment, posterior guidance for endoscopic therapy, and referral to rescue therapies in cases of persistent or rebleeding. It was also included the care that must be taken before hospital discharge for all patients who recover from an episode of bleeding. Conclusion - The introduction of a clinical care pathway for patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding may contribute to standardization of medical practices, decrease in waiting time for medications and services, length of hospital stay and costs.


Contexto - A hemorragia digestiva alta implica em significativas repercussões clínicas e econômicas. O estabelecimento correto das mais recentes terapêuticas para a hemorragia digestiva alta está associado à redução na mortalidade intra-hospitalar. O uso de algoritmos para atendimento da hemorragia digestiva alta está associado com menor tempo de internação e menores custos hospitalares. Objetivos - O objetivo primário é a criação de um protocolo de atendimento da hemorragia digestiva alta, para ser utilizado em hospital terciário. Métodos - Realizada extensa revisão da literatura sobre as condutas na hemorragia digestiva alta, contidas nas bases de dados primária e secundária. Resultados - O resultado é um modelo de atendimento para os pacientes com hemorragia digestiva alta e com evidência de sangramento recente, dado por melena ou hematêmese nas ultimas 24h, que são atendidos nas salas de emergência e unidades de terapia intensiva de hospitais terciários. Neste protocolo de atendimento, desenhado de forma compacta e compreensível, fica bem evidenciado o manejo dos pacientes desde a admissão, com definição dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, passando considerações acerca do atendimento clínico inicial, posterior direcionamento para a terapêutica endoscópica, e encaminhamento às terapias de resgate em casos de sangramento persistente ou recorrente. Destacam-se também os cuidados que devem ser tomados antes da alta hospitalar para todos os pacientes que se recuperam de um episódio de sangramento. Conclusão - A introdução de um protocolo para atendimento e tratamento de pacientes com hemorragia digestiva alta pode contribuir para uniformização de condutas médicas, diminuição no tempo de espera por medicações e serviços, no tempo de internação e nos custos hospitalares.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Clinical Protocols/standards , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/therapy , Acute Disease , Disease Management , Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal , Length of Stay , Practice Guidelines as Topic
3.
Rev. Col. Bras. Cir ; 37(3): 190-198, maio-jun. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-554592

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o desempenho diagnóstico da citologia obtida pela CPER, aquele obtido pela EE-PAAF e a concordância entre patologistas gerais (PG) e especialistas (PE) em pacientes com estenose biliar. MÉTODOS: Incluímos pacientes com estenose biliar identificados pela CPER. A EE-PAAF foi realizada apenas em áreas com efeito de massa ou da parede espessada do ducto biliar. O padrão-ouro foi a cirurgia, histologia e/ou o seguimento. As amostras teciduais foram consideradas: malignas, suspeitas, atípicas, insuficientes ou benignas. Os espécimes obtidos por cada método foi interpretado (cego) por um PG e outro PE. RESULTADO: 46 pacientes foram incluídos (37 malignos e 9 benignos). O diagnóstico final foi de tumor pancreático (26), biliar (11), pancreatite crônica (8) e estenose inflamatória do ducto biliar (1). Sensibilidade e acurácia da CPER foram 43,2 por cento e 52,2 por cento para o PG e 51,4 por cento e 58,7 por cento para o PE. Sensibilidade e acurácia da EE-PAAF foi 52,8 por cento e 58,5 por cento para o PG e 69,4 por cento e 73,2 por cento para o PE. A combinação entre a CPER e EE-PAAF demonstrou maior sensibilidade e acurácia para ambos PG (64,9 por cento e 69,6 por cento) e PE (83,8 por cento e 84,8 por cento), respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: A citologia obtida pelo escovado da via biliar durante a CPER e as amostras teciduais colhidas pela EE-PAAF tem rendimento semelhante para o diagnóstico das estenoses biliares. No entanto, a combinação dos métodos resulta em uma maior acurácia. Além disso, espera-se que a interpretação das amostras ocorra com maior precisão pelo PE se comparado ao PG.


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and to compare the diagnostic yield of ERCP brush cytology (ERCP) and EUS-FNA in patients with biliary strictures and evaluates the agreement between general pathologists (GP) and expert GI pathologists (GIP) in the final diagnosis of biliary strictures. METHODS: Patients with biliary strictures documented by ERCP were included. Brush cytology was performed and during EUS, only visible mass lesions or localized bile duct wall thickening were aspirated. The gold standard method for diagnosis was surgical histology and/or follow-up. Tissue sampling results were: malignant, suspicious, atypical, insufficiently or benign. Specimens were interpreted by GP and GIP, blinded for prior tests results. RESULTS: 46 patients were included. Final diagnosis was malignancy in 37 (26 pancreatic - 11 biliary) and benign in 9 (8 chronic pancreatitis - 1 common bile duct inflammatory stricture). Sensitivity and accuracy for ERCP brush cytology were 43.2 percent and 52.2 percent for GP and 51.4 percent and 58.7 percent for GIP. Sensitivity and accuracy for EUS-FNA were 52.8 percent and 58.5 percent, respectively for GP and 69.4 percent e 73.2 percent for GIP. In comparison, the combination of brush cytology and EUS-FNA demonstrated higher sensitivity and accuracy for both GP (64.9 percent and 69.6 percent, respectively) and GIP (83.8 percent and 84.8 percent, respectively) and improved agreement with final diagnosis for both (mostly for GIP). CONCLUSION: Both, ERCP brush cytology and EUS-FNA has a similar yield for the diagnosis of biliary strictures. However, the combination of these methods results in an improved diagnostic accuracy. In addition, GIP might be expected to interpret specimens with greater accuracy than GP.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Biliary Tract Diseases/diagnosis , Biliary Tract Neoplasms/diagnosis , Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde , Endosonography , Biopsy, Fine-Needle , Diagnosis, Differential , Prospective Studies
4.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 46(1): 81-84, jan.-mar. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-513861

ABSTRACT

Bleeding from gastric varices is a life-threatening condition. We report our experience with cyanoacrylate injection. Twenty three patients with portal hypertension and gastric varices underwent intra-variceal injection of a cyanoacrylate/lipiodol solution (1:1). Study endpoint was variceal obliteration. Mean follow-up was 25.3 months. Variceal obliteration was achieved in 87 percent of patients. Recurrence occurred in one patient (4.3 percent) and rebleeding in another case (4.3 percent). Mild abdominal pain was described in 13 percent of patients. Overall mortality was 21.7 percent and rebleeding related mortality rate was 4.3 percent. Our results confirm that cyanoacrylate injection is effective and safe to eradicate gastric varices.


Sangramento por varizes gástricas é grave. Relato de experiência com injeção de cianoacrilato. Vinte e três pacientes com hipertensão portal e varizes gástricas foram tratados com injeção intravasal de solução de cianoacrilato/lipiodol (1:1). O objetivo do estudo foi alcançar obliteração da variz. O tempo médio de acompanhamento foi 25,3 meses. Obliteração foi atingida em 87 por cento dos pacientes. Recidiva foi observada em um (4,3 por cento) e ressangramento em outro caso (4.3 por cento). Dor abdominal ocorreu em 13 por cento dos pacientes. A mortalidade global foi de 21,7 por cento e 4,3 por cento relacionada ao ressangramento. Estes resultados confirmam a injeção de cianoacrilato como efetiva e segura na erradicação das varizes gástricas.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cyanoacrylates/therapeutic use , Esophageal and Gastric Varices/therapy , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/therapy , Cyanoacrylates/adverse effects , Follow-Up Studies , Hemostasis, Endoscopic , Hemostasis/drug effects , Recurrence
5.
Acta gastroenterol. latinoam ; 38(2): 105-115, jun. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-503619

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: endoscopic ultrasound guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) allows cytologic and/or histologic diagnosis of lesions within or adjacent to the gastrointestinal tract. However, the amount of tissue obtained with a regular 22 gauge needle is not always satisfactory. With the development of a needle XNA-10J-KB (Shot-Gun) that resembles the automatic liver biopsy needle, it is expected that significant samples be obtained more frequently (core biopsy), optimizing histological analysis. OBJECTIVE: to compare samples obtained with EUS-FNA using 3 different needle systems: GIP, NA-10J-1 and Shot-Gun. METHODS: 19 patients underwent EUS-FNA for diagnosis (5) or tumor staging (14). Mean age was 58.9 years (range 27-82), being 50% men. All patients were submitted to EUS-FNA with the 3 needle models. The Shot-Gun model was "shot" when its tip was near the target inside the lesion, followed by aspiration. Samples were submitted for cytologic and histologic examination. RESULTS: mean lesion size was 3.0 cm (range 0.8-5.5 cm). Final diagnoses were made after surgery or intra-operative biopsy: 13 pancreatic tumors (12 adenocarcinomas and 1 neuroendocrine tumor), 4 chronic pancreatitis, 1 acute pancreatitis, and 1 cholangiocarcinoma. Specimens adequate for cytologic diagnosis were obtained in 13/19 (68. 4%) patients using GIP model, in 14/19 (73.7%) with NA10J-1 model, and in 17/19 (89.5%) with ShotGun, model (p=0.039). Histologic analysis was possible in 10/19 (52.6%) patients using the GIP model, in 14/19 (73.7%) with NA10J-1, and in 17/19 (89.5%) with Shot-Gun, model (p=0.005). Adequate samples for cytologic or histologic assessment in 16/19 (84.2%) patients using the GIP model, in 17/19 (89.5%) with NA10J-1, and in 18/19 (94.7%) with Shot-Gun, model (p=0.223). In two cases biopsies were negative due to very hard tumors. CONCLUSION: the Shot-Gun needle obtained better samples for histological diagnosis than NA10J-1 needle and GIP.


Introducción: la ecografía endoscópica asociada a la punción guiada con aguja fina (EUS-FNA) permite el examen citológico y/o diagnóstico histológico de las lesiones dentro o junto al tracto gastrointestinal. Sin embargo, la cantidad de tejido obtenido con una aguja de calibre 22 G no es siempre satisfactoria. Con el desarrollo de una aguja XNA-10J-KB (Shot-Gun®) que seasemeja a la biopsia hepática automática como una aguja especial, se espera que se obtengan muestras importantes con más frecuencia permitindo optimizar el mejor análisis histopatológico. Objetivo: comparar lasmuestras obtenidas con EUS-FNA con 3 diferentes sistemas de aguja: GIP ®, NA-10J-1 ® y Shot-Gun ®. Métodos: 19 pacientes fueron sometidos a EUS-FNApara el diagnóstico (5) para el análisis de las etapas del tumor (14). La edad media fue de 58,9 años (rango 27-82), siendo el 50% hombres. Todos los pacientes fueron sometidos a EUS-FNA con los 3 modelos de aguja. Del Shot-Gun ® fue "disparada" su punta cuandoestaba cerca de la meta en el interior de la lesión, seguida de aspiración. Las muestras se sometieron a examencitológico e histológico. Resultados: el promedio de tamaño de la lesión fue de 3,0 cm (rango 0,8-5,5 cm). Los diagnósticos definitivos fueron hechos después de la cirugía o la biopsia intra-operatoria: 13 tumores de páncreas (12 adenocarcinomas y 1 tumor neuroendócrino), 4 de pancreatitis crónica, 1 de pancreatitis aguda, y 1 de colangiocarcinoma. Las muestras adecuadas para el diagnóstico citológico se obtuvieron en 13/19 (68,4%) pacientes que utilizan GIP ®, en 14/19 (73,7%) con NA10J-1 ®, y en 17/19 (89,5%) con Shot-Gun® (p = 0,039). El análisis histológico fue posible en 10/19 (52,6%) pacientes que utilizan elGIP®, en 14/19 (73,7%) con NA10J-1 ®, y en 17/19 (89,5%) con Shot-Gun® (p = 0,005). Suficientes muestras para citológico o histológico de evaluación en16/19 (84,2%) pacientes que utilizan el modelo GIP ®, en 17/19 (89,5%) con NA10J-1 ®...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Biopsy, Fine-Needle/instrumentation , Endosonography/instrumentation , Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology , Pancreatitis/pathology , Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Adenocarcinoma , Biopsy, Fine-Needle/methods , Cholangiocarcinoma/pathology , Cholangiocarcinoma , Endosonography/methods , Pancreatic Neoplasms , Pancreatitis , Sensitivity and Specificity , Neuroendocrine Tumors/pathology , Neuroendocrine Tumors , Predictive Value of Tests
6.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 43(1): 20-23, jan.-mar. 2006. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-426734

ABSTRACT

RACIONAL: A citologia por escovado apresenta baixa sensibilidade na detecção de câncer em estenoses biliares, mas manipulação endoscópica prévia poderia aumentar a esfoliação de células tumorais. OBJETIVO: Comparar os resultados dos escovados obtidos antes e depois da dilatação de estenoses biliares. PACIENTES E MÉTODOS: Pacientes com estenose biliar extra-hepática diagnosticada durante colangiopancreatografia endoscópica retrógada foram submetidos a citologia por escovado. Em seguida, a estenose foi dilatada com cateter de 10 French e o escovado foi repetido. A citologia foi classificada como: negativa para malignidade, presença de células atípicas, material insuficiente, suspeita para malignidade ou positiva para malignidade. O diagnóstico final foi determinado por cirurgia, biopsia ou acompanhamento clínico. RESULTADOS: O escovado biliar foi obtido em 50 pacientes, com sensibilidade de 40% e 27,5%, respectivamente, antes e depois da dilatação. A combinação dos resultados aumentou a positividade para 45%. Houve 5/50 (10%) complicações menores e um óbito relacionado ao procedimento. CONCLUSÕES: A positividade do escovado biliar realizado antes de dilatar a estenose para detecção de neoplasia maligna é semelhante àquela obtida depois da dilatação, embora a combinação dos resultados aumente a sensibilidade.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Biliary Tract Neoplasms/pathology , Cholestasis, Extrahepatic/pathology , Cytological Techniques/methods , Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology , Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde , Cholestasis, Extrahepatic/therapy , Predictive Value of Tests , Prospective Studies , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity
7.
GED gastroenterol. endosc. dig ; 24(6): 253-255, nov./dez. 2005. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-435558

ABSTRACT

Apresenta-se o caso de paciente do sexo masculino, com 40 anos, no qual se identificou uma fístula pancreaticoportal, durante colangiopancreatografia retrógrada endoscópica (CPRE). Não houve possibilidade de tratamento cirúrgico; o paciente recebeu tratamento de suporte, morrendo dois meses após o CPRE. Relatos de fístula ligando o ducto pancreático principal (DPP) ao sistema portal, associada a pancreatite e pseudocisto, não são raros e o tratamento cirúrgico é a melhor opção, mas fístula causada por câncer de pâncreas é rara e não há conduta terapêutica estabelecida


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Laparotomy , Pancreatic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Pancreatic Fistula , Portal Vein , Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde
8.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 39(2): 86-92, abr.- jun. 2002. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-329541

ABSTRACT

Racional - Colonoscópios com magnificaçäo e cromoscopia com índigo carmim vêm sendo utilizados na diferenciaçäo de pólipos colônicos neoplásicos (adenomatosos e adenocarcinomas) dos näo-neoplásicos (hiperplásicos, inflamatórios, juvenis), in loco, antes da realizaçäo do estudo histológico. Por outro lado, ainda foi pouco estudado o uso de colonoscópios convencionais e cromoscopia na prediçäo da histologia destas lesöes. Objetivo - Avaliar o desempenho de videocolonoscópios convencionais com cromoscopia com índigo carmim no diagnóstico diferencial de pólipos colônicos. Métodos - Previamente à polipectomia de pólipos detectados durante exames diagnósticos de rotina, foi realizada cromoscopia com índigo carmim. Se fossem observados sulcos na superfície da lesäo a mesma era classificada como neoplásica. Na ausência deste aspecto, a mesma era classificada como näo-neoplásica. Estas observaçöes foram comparadas com as conclusöes do estudo histológico. Resultados - No período de estudo (18 meses), foram detectados 133 pólipos em 53 pacientes. A cromoendoscopia apresentou, em 126 lesöes, sensibilidade de 56,4 por cento, especificidade de 79,2 por cento, valor preditivo positivo de 81,5 por cento, valor preditivo negativo de 52,8 por cento e acurácia de 65,1 por cento no diagnóstico de lesöes neoplásicas. Conclusäo - Os dados desta série permitem concluir que a cromoscopia com índigo carmim durante a colonoscopia convencional näo é método confiável no diagnóstico diferencial in loco do tipo histológico dos pólipos colônicos


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Adenoma , Colonic Polyps , Colonoscopes , Colonoscopy , Indigo Carmine , Video Recording , Adenomatous Polyps , Sensitivity and Specificity , Staining and Labeling
9.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 38(3): 168-171, jul.-set. 2001. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-317312

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is an important cause of death in western countries. Screening methods are based on flexible sigmoidoscopy, a cheap, effective, and less painful procedure, but some important lesions on the right colon can be missed. AIM: Evaluate how many important lesions would be missed if colonoscopy indicated only for patients with distal lesions identified during flexible sigmoidoscopy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All consecutive colonoscopy performed in the Endoscopy Unit of the Gastroenterology Division of Federal University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil, with polyps and cancer suspicious lesions were reviewed. Patients with a second procedure, inflammatory bowel disease or colonic surgery were excluded. RESULTS: We reviewed 101 patients with 38 possible cancer lesions and 70 polyps. The mean age was 62 years (SD 13.7 years) and 45 were male. Forty five lesions were in the right colon, namely 23 adenomas, 10 adenocarcinomas, 1 lymphoma and 11 benign lesion. Among such lesions, 28 were isolated in the right colon (16 adenomas and 7 adenocarcinomas). CONCLUSION: In our study 23 patients (22.77%) had adenomas or adenocarcinomas isolated in the right colon, that would be missed if flexible sigmoidoscopy was used alone


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Colonic Neoplasms , Colonoscopy , Retrospective Studies , Sigmoid Neoplasms , Sigmoidoscopy
10.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 36(3): 148-53, jul.-set. 1999. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-247950

ABSTRACT

With increased use of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, it became clear that neurologically impaired patients might benefit from its use. From August 1996 to july 1997, we performed 19 percutaneous endoscopic gastrotomies in patients with neurological sequelae, who were incapable to maintain their nutritional status by oral ingestion or had repeated episodes of aspiration. Sixteen patients were followed prospectively, from 30 days to 11 months (median: 6,4 months). Average weight (38.2 Kg to 44,8 Kg), BMI (14.8 kg/m2 to 17.8 Kg/m2), weight/height ratio (23.5 Kg/cm to 28 Kg/cm), mid-upper arm circumference (19.4 cm to 21.6 cm) and triceps skinfold thickness (10.3 mm to 12.6 mm) were significantly increased (P<0.01). Before percutaneous endoscopic gastromoty, there were 10 (10/16, 62.5 per cent) patients with grade III thinness. In this group, 3/10 patients (30 per cent) showed improvement to grade I (two individuals) and II (one patient). All but five patients (68.75 per cent) were below the fifth percentile of normal distribution for mid-upper arm circuference. One patient (6.2 per cent) showed improvement of her status (between 25 th and 50 th percentiles). Four patients (25 per cent) started the follow-up below the fifth percentile for normal distribution of triceps skinfold thickness, and showed no improvement. There were no early complications secondary the procedure. Late complications included granulation tissue on ostomy site (18.8 per cent) and ostomy infection (6.2 per cent). Statistical analysis showed significant improvement of anthropometric data. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy is a simple, highly succesful and safe procedure, when performed in neurologically impaired patients. It is efficient as a long-term enteral feeding method.


Subject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Adolescent , Central Nervous System Diseases/complications , Enteral Nutrition/methods , Gastrostomy , Nutrition Disorders/etiology , Nutrition Disorders/therapy , Nutritional Status , Anthropometry , Severity of Illness Index , Time Factors
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